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You wouldn't know that to listen to the relentless hammering of the technology by Windows 10 critics, who see it as a form of "spying" on the part of Microsoft. Unfortunately, many of those critics have used unreliable data , compounded by a misunderstanding of the basic technology, to form their opinions.

In this article, I want to take a closer look at the way that telemetry works and the data it collects. This article relies primarily on my own testing, using a number of Microsoft-provided tools as well as third-party utilities. Here we go again. The usual suspects are trying to turn routine diagnostic information into another manufactured privacy controversy over Windows Don't fall for it. PS: You won't believe what Apple's privacy policy says. My research also included discussions with engineers as well as reviews of some thorough but obscure documentation.

The most useful resource I found is a detailed technical paper written for IT pros and published in the TechNet Library: Configure telemetry and other settings in your organization. That article has a convenient short link: aka. More on that shortly. Microsoft uses telemetry data from Windows 10 to identify security and reliability issues, to analyze and fix software problems, to help improve the quality of Windows and related services, and to make design decisions for future releases.

Telemetry features aren't unique to Microsoft and there's nothing particularly secret about them. They're part of a larger trend in the software industry to collect and analyze event data as part of a shift to data-driven decision making.

My definition of "the software industry" includes not just Microsoft and Google but also companies like Tesla Motors, which uses vehicle telemetry to provide ongoing product improvements to its cars.

You can read about Microsoft's use of this technology in a paper co-authored by Titus Barik of the University of North Carolina and several individuals at Microsoft Research. It's worth noting that the telemetry data I describe here is only a small part of the routine traffic between a Windows 10 PC and various servers controlled by Microsoft.

Most network analysis I've seen looks at all that traffic and doesn't isolate the telemetry data transmissions. It runs as a Windows service with the display name DiagTrack and the actual service name utcsvc. Microsoft has engineered this component as a part of Windows. You can see the DiagTrack service in the Services console in Windows As I said, it's not a secret. This piece of information is useful for anyone who wants to monitor activities of the DiagTrack service using other software tools.

I used that PID to watch the activity of the DiagTrack service over the period of several days, using the built-in Resource Monitor tool on a virtual machine running Windows 10 Enterprise with a local account and the telemetry level set to Basic. That screenshot shows the DiagTrack component doing exactly what the documentation says it does, performing an initial performance measurement and then checking the contents of four log files every 15 minutes or so.

Because I wasn't doing anything with this test system, there weren't any crashes or app installations to report, so those log files didn't change during the period I was measuring. Each data transmission was small. Microsoft says the average size is 1. On my AC-powered test system running on a wired network, that's roughly 32 connections every eight hours. If you run the same experiment on a metered network, Microsoft says no data is transmitted. If this system has been a notebook running on battery power, check-ins would have been once every four hours.

The amount and type of data telemetry that the UTC will collect is determined by which of four telemetry levels is selected. Three of them Basic, Enhanced, and Full can be configured using the Settings app; the fourth level Security is available for PCs only in Windows 10 Enterprise and Education editions and can only be set using administrative tools such as Group Policy or mobile device management software. Telemetry data includes information about the device and how it's configured including hardware attributes such as CPU, installed memory, and storage , as well as quality-related information such as uptime and sleep details and the number of crashes or hangs.

Additional basic information includes a list of installed apps and drivers. For systems where the telemetry is set to a level higher than Basic, the information collected includes events that analyze interaction between the user and the operating system and apps. I will not try to summarize the four levels here but instead encourage you to read the full descriptions for each level in the documentation.

On a device that is running an Insider preview edition, this value is set to Full and can only be changed by installing a released version.

If you are concerned enough about privacy to have read this far, you probably want to set the telemetry level to Basic. Organizations that have a need to keep outside network connections and data transfer to a minimum should consider the Security level, but only if they have the IT chops to set up their own update infrastructure. At this level of minimal data collection, Windows Update doesn't work. The files and folders in this location are not accessible to normal users and have permissions that make it difficult to snoop in them.

Even if you could look into the contents of those files, there's nothing to see, because the data files are encrypted locally. The UTC client connects to settings-win. Next, the telemetry client uses that settings file to connect to the Microsoft Data Management Service at v That's a security change Microsoft made in the Windows 7 timeframe.

Previous versions sent telemetry data over unencrypted connections, making it possible for attackers to intercept the data. A number of free and open-source projects exist solely to protect your identity and online activity.

Here are just a few to make you more secure in the new year. I was able to confirm these values using many hours of network diagnostics. Note that the IP addresses assigned to these individual hosts might vary.

This is the very definition of big data. Microsoft maintains potentially sensitive telemetry data "in a separate data store that's locked down to a small subset of Microsoft employees in the Windows Devices Group. This data is compiled into business reports for analysis and for use by teams tasked with fixing bugs and improving the performance of the operating system and associated services.

Only "aggregated, anonymous telemetry information" is included in reports that are shared with partners. There's no hard-and-fast rule that defines how long data is retained. However, Microsoft says its goal is to store data only "for as long as it's needed to provide a service or for analysis. The collection process is tailored so that the telemetry component avoids gathering information that could directly identify a person or an organization.

However, at the Enhanced setting, when Windows or an app crashes or hangs, the memory contents of the faulting process are included in the diagnostic report generated at the time of the crash or hang, and that crash dump might include sensitive information. At the Full setting, you grant Microsoft permission to collect extra data when your device "experiences problems that are difficult to identify or repeat using Microsoft's internal testing.

The formal documentation makes it clear that this sort of investigation can snag personal documents:. If you're not comfortable with granting that sort of access, make sure you turn this setting down to Enhanced or Basic.

How does Windows 10 telemetry really work? It's not a state secret. I've gone through the documentation and sorted out the where, when, and why. If you're concerned about private documents accidentally leaving your network, you might want to turn the telemetry setting down. See also. Show Comments. Log In to Comment Community Guidelines. Related Why you should really stop charging your phone overnight.

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